Research


Lymph Drainage Therapy 
Silent Waves: Theory and Practice of Lymph Drainage Therapy with Applications for lymphedema, Chronic Pain, and Inflammation, Chikly, Bruno, M.D., Scottsdale, AZ, I.H.H. Publishing, 2001
  ---

Lymphatic-General

Adair, T.H., and A.C. Guyton. “Introduction to the Lymphatic System.” Experimental-    

   Biology of the Lymphatic Circulation. Ed. Miles G. Johnston. Amsterdam: Elsevier  

   Science Publishers B.V., 1982, p.1.

Eliska, O., and M. Eliskova. “Are Peripheral Lymphatics Damaged by High-Pressure

   Manual Massage?” Lymphology, 28 (1995), 21-30.

Gray’s Anatomy, 38th Edition (English). Churchill Livingstone, 1995.

Guyton, A.c. Textbook of Medical Physiology. Toronto: W.B. Saunders Co., 1988.

Keep it Moving- Lymph's Role in a Healthy Body: http://www.integrative-healthcare.org/mt/archives/2007/12/keep_it_moving.html

Weissleder, H., and C. Schuchhardt. Lymphedema, Diagnosis and Treatment. Bonn, 

   Germany: Kagerer Kommunikation, 2nd Edition, 1997.

West, S. The Golden Seven One Plus One. Orem, Utah: Samuel Publishing Co., 1981.

Witte, M.H., C.L. Witte, and M. Bernas. “ISL Consensus Document Revisited:  Suggested

   Midifications.” Lymphology, 31, No. 3 (1998), 138-140.

Xujian, S. “Effect of Massage and Temperature on the Permeability of Initial Lymphatics.”

Faculty of Biology, Yantai Teacher’s College, Shandong Province, China. Lymphology,

   23 (1990), 48-50.

---

Physiology

Berczi, V., et al. “Decreased Vascular Contraction and Elastic Stiffening After Intramural

   Lymphostasis.” American Journal of Physiology, 255 (1988), 1289-1294.

Eliska, O., and M. Eliska. “Ultrastructure and Function of the Lymphatics in Man and Dog

   Legs Under Different Conditions-Massage.” Progress in Lymphology XIII, Exerpta 

   Medica. Int. Congress Series No. 994. Ed. R.V. Cluzan, et al. Amsterdam: Elsevier   

   Science Publishers B.V., 1992, p. 97.

Engeset, A., W.L. Olszewski, et al. “ Twenty-Four Hour Variation in Flow and Composition

   Of Leg Lymph in Normal Men.” Act. Physiology Scand., 99 (1977), 140-148.

McHale, N.G. “Innervation of the Lymphatic Circulation.” Experimental Biology of the

   Lymphatic Circulation. Ed. Miles G. Johnston. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers,

   B.V., 1982, p. 121.

Olszewski, W.L., A. Engeset, et al. “Flow and Composition of Leg Lymph in Normal Men 

   During Venous Stasis, Muscular Activity and Local Hyperthermia.” Act. Physiology   

   Scand., 99 (1977), 149-155.

Olszewski, W.L., and A. Engeset. “Characteristics of Lymph Flow in Lower Limbs Under

   Normal Conditions.” Progress in Lymphology XII, Exerpta Medica. Amsterdam: Elsevier

   Science Publishers B.V., 1990, p.213.

Olszewski, W.L., and A. Engeset. “Studies on the Lymphatic Circulation of Humans.”

   Experimental Biology of the Lymphatic Circulation. Ed. Miles G. Hohnston. Amsterdam:

   Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1982, p 395.

---

Lymphangions-Contractility in Humans

Engeset, A., B. Hager, et al. “Studies on Human Peripheral Lymph.” Lymphology, 6 (1973), 1.

Engeset, A., W.L. Olszewski, et al. “Twenty-Four hour Variation in Flow and Composition

   Of Leg Lymph in Normal Men.” Act. Physiology Scand., 99 (19770, 140.

Kinmonth, J.B., and G.w. Taylor. “Spontaneous Rhythmic Contractility in Human

   Lymphatics.” Journal of Physiology (London), 133 (1956), 30.

Olszewski, W.L., “Collection and Physiological Measurements of Lymph and Interstitial

   Fluid in Man.” Lymphology, 10 (1977) 137.

Olszewski, W.L., S. Kruszewski, et al. “Observations of Movements of Lymph Vessels

   In Patients With Lymphedema of Limbs.” Pol. Tyg. L, 23 (1968), 1345

Olszewski, W.L., and A. Engeset. “Intrinsic Contractility of Leg Lymphatics in Man:

   Preliminary Communication.” Lymphology, 12 (1979), 81-84.

Olszewski, W.L., and A. Engeset. “Intrinsic Contractility of Prenodal Lymph Vessels and

   Lymph Flow in Human Leg.” Am. J. Physiol, 239 (1980). 775-783.

Olszewski, W.L., and A. Engeset. “Studies on the Lymphatic Circulation of Humans.”

   Experimental Biology of the Lymphatic Circulation. Ed. Miles G. Johnston. Amsterdam:

   Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1982, p. 395.

Olszewski, W.L., and A. Engeset. “Characteristics of Lymph Flow in Lower Limbs Under

   Norman Conditions.” Progress in Lymphology XII, Exerpta Medica. Amsterdam: Elsevier

   Science Publishers B.V., 1990, p 213.

Wang, Guo-Ying, and Shi-Zhen zhong. “Experimental Sutdy of Lymphatic Contractility and

   Its Clinical Importance.” Ann. Plastic Surgery, 15, No. 4 (1985), 278-284.

Zawieja, D.C., et al. “Distribution, Propagation, and Coordination of Contractile Activity in

   Lymphatics.” Am. J. Physiol., 264 (1993), H1283-1291.

---

Lymphatic Flow and Breathing

Riemenschneider, P.A., and J.W. Shields. “Human Central Lymph Propulsion.” Jama, 246,

   No. 18 (1981, 2066-2067.

Shields, J.W., “Central Lymph Propulsion.” Lymphology, 13 (1980), 9-17.

---

 Lymphedema Pathophysiology

Bartholdson, L., et al. “Lymph Transport Before and After Regional Lymphadenectomy.”

   Act. Radiol. Ther. Phys. Biol., 16 (1977), 507-511.

Bates, D.O., J.R. Levicks, and P.S. Mortimer. “Change In Macromolecular Composition

   Of Interstitial Fluid From Swollen Arms After Breast Cancer Treatments and Its

   Implications.” Clinic. Sc., 86 (1993), 737-746.

Browse, N.L., and G. Stewart. “Lymphoedema: Pathophysiology and Classification.” J.       

   Cardiovasc. Surg Torino, 26 (1985, 156-168.

Casley-Smith, J.R., and R.M. Gaffney. “Excess Plasma Proteins as a Cause of Chronic

   Inflammation and Lymphoedema.” J. Pathol., 133 (1981), 243-272.

Casley-Smith, J.R., “Altered Homeostatic Mechanisms in Edema.” Adv. Microcirc., 13

   (1987), 213-225.

Farncombe, M., G. Daniels, and L. Croo. “Lymphedema: The Seemingly Forgotten

   Complication.” Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 9, No. 4 (1994), 269-276.

Foldi, M. “On the Pathophysiology of Arm Lymphedema After Treatment for Breast Cancer.”

   Lymphology, 28 (1995) 151-158.

Mortimer, P.S. “Starling Forces and Fluid Dynamics in Human Lymphoedema.” Int. J.

   Microvasc. Clin. Exp., 11, Suppl. 1 (1992), 190.

Olszewski, W. Lymph Stasis: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment. Boston: CRC

   Press, 1991.

---

Secondary Lymphedema/Breast Cancer

Brennan, M.J., and J. Weitz. “Lymphedema 30 Years After Radical Mastectomy.” Am. J.

   Phys. Med. Rehab., 71, No. 1 (1992), 12-14.

Brennan, M.J., “Lymphedema Following the Surgical treatment of Breast Cancer: A Review

   Of Pathophysiology and Treatment.” J. Pain Symptom Mgmt., 7, No. 2 (1992), 110-116.

Ivens, A.L., et al. “Assessment of Morbidity From Complete Axillary Dissection.” Br. J.   

   Cancer, 66 (1992), 136-138.

Schuhardt, C.H., E. Foldi, and M. Foldi.. “Diagnostic Therapy Long-Term Observation of

   Lymphedema Following Breast Cancer.” J. Expert. Clin. Hematology, 51 (1985), 175.

Whitman, M., and R. McDaniel. “Preventing Lymphedema: An Unwelcome sequel to

   Breast Cancer.” Nursing, Dec. 1993, p. 36-39.

  CDP/Recovery/Rehabilitation

Bartelli, G., et al. “Conservative Treatment of Post Mastectomy Lymphoedema: A Controlled

   Randomized Trial.” An. Oncol., 2, No. 8 (1991), 575-578.

---

Radiation

Barson, D., et al. “Edema of the Arm as a Function of the Extent of Auxiliary Surgery in

   Patients With Stage I-II Carcinoma of the Breast Treated With Primary Radiotherapy.”

   Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys., 12 (1986), 1575.

Christensen, S.E., and E. Lundgren. “Sequelae of Auxiliary Dissection vs. Sampling With

   or Without Irradiation for Breast Cancer.” ACTA Chir. Scand., 155 (1989), 515.

Gerdin, E., S. Cnattingius, and P. Johnson. “Complications After Radiotherapy and Radical

   Hysterectomy in Early-Stage Cervical Carcinoma.” ACTA Obst. Et Gyn. Scand., 74, No. 7

Ryttov, N., et al. “Influence of adjuvant Irradiation Therapy on Development of Late Arm

   Lymphedema and Impaired Shoulder Mobility After Mastectomy for Carcinoma of the

   Breast.” ACTA. Oncol., 27 (19880, 667.   

---

Infection 

Benda, K., and S. Svestokova. “Incidence Rate of Recurrent Erysipelas in Our Lymphedema

   Patients.” Progress in Lymphology XIV, Lymphology (Suppl.), 27 (1994), 519-522.

Edwards, E.A. “Recurrent Febrile Episodes and Lymphoedema.” J. Am. Med. Assoc., 184,

   No. 11 (1963), 858-862.

Foldi, E. “Prevention of Dermatolymphangioadenitis by Combined Physiotherapy of the

   Swollen Arm After Treatment for Breast Cancer.” Lymphology, 29, No. 2 (Jan. 1996), 48.

Gallagher, P.G. “Post-Mastectomy Oedema and Recurrent Cellulites: Prevention Treatment.”

   Vasc. Surg., 1986, pp. 368-85.

Jeffs, E. “The Effect of Acute Inflammatory episodes (Cellulitis) on the Treatment of

    Lymphedema.” Journal of Tissue Viability, 3, No.2 (1993), 51-55.

Mozes, M.., et al. “The Role of Infection in Post Mastectomy Lymphoedema.” Am. Surg,

    14, (1982), 73-83.

Ohkuma, M. “Incidence of Acute Cellulitis in Lymphedema, Trial in Its Treatment Dispensing

   Antibiotics and Its relation to Mycotic Skin Infection-Second Study.” Progress in

   Lymphology XV, Lymphology (Suppl.), 29 (1996), 313-316.

Olszewski, W.L., and s. Jamal. “Recurrent Dermatolymphangioadenitis (DLA) Is Responsible

   For Progression of Lymphedema.” Progress in Lymphology XV, Lymphology (Suppl.), 29

   (1996), 331-334.

---

Lymphangiosarcoma (S.T.S.)

Arieke, J.J., et al. “Lymphedema-Induced Lymphangiosarcoma.” Europ. J. Surg. Oncol., 21

   (1995), 155-158.

D’Amore, E.S.G., et al. “Primary Malignant Lymphoma Arising in Postmastedtomy

   Lymphedema.” Am. Surg. Pathol., 14, No. 5 (1990), 456-463.

---

Lymphedema Treatment

Badger, C. “Treating Lymphoedema.” Nurs. Times, 92, No. 11 (1996), 84-88.

Boris, M., S. Weindorf, and B.B. Lasinski. “The Risk of Genital Edema After External Pump   

   Compression for Lower Limb Lymphedema.” Lymphology, 31, No. 1 (Mar. 1998), 15-20.

Bunce, I.H., e al. “Post-Mastectomy Lymphoedema Treatment and Measurement.” Med. J. of

   Australia, 161, No. 2 (1994), 125-128.

Campisi, C., et al. “A Protocol for Studying and Managing Lymphedema.” Progress in

   Lymphology XIV, Lymphology (Suppl.), 27 (1994), 543-545.

Casley-Smith, Judith R. and J.R. Casley-Smith. “Benefits and Limitations of Different

   Therapies for Lymphoedema.” Progress in Lymphology XVI, Lymphology (Suppl.), 31

   (1998), 29-33.

Consensus Document of the ISL Executive Committee. “The Diagnosis and Treatment ov

   Peripheral Lymphedema.” Lymphology, 28 (1995), 113-117.

Dress, L. “Assisting Patients With Lymphedema in Self-Managemen.” Adbance for Physical

   Therapists, Jan. 5, 1998, 14-15, 24.

Eliska, O., and M. Eliskova. “Lymphedema-Morphology of the Lymphatics After Manual

   Massage.” Proc. XIV Int. Congr. Lymphology, Washington DC, Lymphology (Suppl.),

   27 (1994), 132-135.

Eliska, O., and M. Eliskova. “ Are Peripheral Lymphatics Damaged by High Pressure

   Manual Massage?” Lymphology, 28 (1995), 21-30.

Feria, F., et al. “Breast Cancer: Retrospective Study on Manual Lymphatic Drainage With or

   Without Combined Use of Elastic sleeve.” Progress in Lymphology XIII, Exerpta Medica.

   Ed. R.R. Cluzan. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science publishers, B.V., 1972, p. 561.

Foldi, E.. “Massage and Damage to Lymphatics.” Lymphology, 28, No. 1 (1995), 1-3.

Leduc, O. “Le Traitement Physique de L’oedeme de la Theorie A La Pratique.” Cahiers

   De Kinesitherapie, 1989.

---

Complex Decongestive Physiotherapy (CDP)

 Boris, M., and S. Weindorf. “Lymphedema Reduction by Noninvasive Complex Lymphedema

   Therapy.” Oncology, 1994.

Brennan, M.J. “Focused Review: Post-Mastectomy Lymphedema.” Arch. Phys. Med. Rehab.,

   77 (1996), S74-80.

Casley-Smith, J.R., and Judith R. Casley-Smith. “Modern Treatment for Lymphoedema I.

   Complex Physical Therapy: The First 200 Australian Limbs.” Australia. J. Dermatol., 33

   (1992), 61-68.

Casley-Smith, J. R., et al. “Modern Treatment for Lymphoedema.” Lymphedema Association

   Of Australia, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 1994.

Casley-Smith, J.R., and Judith R. Casley-Smith. “The Cost Efficacities of Various Treatments

   For Lymphoedema.” Progress on Lymphology XV, Lymphology (Suppl.), 29 (1996), 49-55.

Casley-Smith, J.R., and Judith R. Casley-Smith.  “Complex Physical Therapy Causes

   Reductions in Lymphoedema for at Least 24 Hours Afterwards; So Pumps Are

   Unnecessary.” Progress in Lymphology XV, Lymphology (Suppl.)   29 (1996), 222-223.

Hutzschenreuter, P.O., et al. “Post-Mastectomy Arm Lymphoedema: Treated by Manual

   Lymph Drainage and Compression Bandage Therapy.” Europ. J. Phys. Med. Rehab.,

   1 (1991), 6.

Hutzschenreuter, P., and U. Herpertz. “Primary and Secondary Lymphedema in Children

   Treated With Manual Lymph drainage and Compression Therapy.” Europ. J. Lymphol.

   Related Problems, 4, No. 14 (1993), 51-57.

Johanson, K., et al. “A Randomized Study Comparing Manual Lymph Drainage With

   Sequential Compression for Treatment of Postoperative Arm Lymphedema.”

   Lymphology, 31 (1998), 56-64.

Morgan, R., et al. “Complex Physical Therapy for the Lymphoedematous Arm.” J. Hands

   Surg. (Brit. Vol.), 17b (1992), 437-441.

Mortimer, P.S. “Managing Lymphoedema.” Clin. Ezp. Dermatol., 20 (1995), 98-106.

Swedborg, I. “Effectiveness of Combined Methods of Physiotherapy for Post-Mastectomy

   Lymphoedema.” Scan J. Rehab. Med., 12 (19800, 77-85.

Wolfe, J.H. “Progress in the Treatment of Primary Lymphoedema Is Not surgical.” ACTA

   Chir. Scand., Suppl., 555 (1990), 245-248.

---

Patient/Therapist Education

Badger, C. “Educational Proposal for Population at Risk.”Clin. Dermatol., 13, No. 5 (1995),

   507-509.

Bunce, I.H. “Post-Mastecotomy Lymphoedema: Treatment and Management.” Med J. Aust.,   

   161, No. 2 (1994), 125-128.

Humble, C.a. “Lymphoedema: Incidence, Pathophysiology, Management and Nursing Care.”

   Oncol. Nurse Forum, 22, No. 10 (1995), 1503-1509.

Sneddon, M. “Creating Educational Opportunities to Improve Care-Management of the

   Oedematis Limb.” Prof. Nurse, 7, No. 12 (1992), 818, 820-822.

---

Psychology of Lymphedema

Bendova, M., K. Brenda, and E. Dungelova. “Psychosocial Factors in the Management of

   Lymphoedema of the Extremities.” Progress in Lymphology XI. Ed. H. Partsch.

   Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V., 1988, pp. 545-547.